Necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes do Rio Grande do Sul: relação entre autopercepção e necessidade clínica / Need for orthodontic treatment in adolescents from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: association between self-perception and clinical need

Objetivos: analisar a associação entre a auto percepção e a necessidade clínica de tratamento ortodôntico e investigar a relação entre a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico e o impacto nas atividades diárias comer, sorrir e falar, em adolescentes. Sujeitos e método: estudo transversal com 1.630 escolares com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, de 36 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos utilizados para determinar a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico foram o Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) e o Componente Estético (AC) do Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN). Os dados foram analisados com o programa SPSS 21.0, utilizando-se os testes Qui-Quadrado de Pearson ou Qui-Quadrado de tendência linear e a regressão de Poisson. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: observou-se associação positiva entre o IOTN e o DAI. A proporção de sujeitos que perceberam a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico aumentou com a recomendação feita pelo dentista. Entretanto, a maioria dos adolescentes entrevistados não percebia necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. Após o ajuste, observou-se associação entre a maloclusão e o desempenho da atividade diária sorrir (RP = 2,03) e o sexo dos escolares (RP = 1,28). Também se observou associação entre o sexo dos adolescentes (RP = 1,23), a escolaridade do pai (RP = 1,21) e o impacto na atividade comer. A atividade diária de falar estava associada com a escolaridade do pai (RP = 2,11). Conclusão: existe associação entre a auto percepção de tratamento ortodôntico e a necessidade clínica. A maloclusão impacta a atividade sorrir entre os adolescentes, entretanto, o mesmo não ocorre com as atividades comer e falar. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the association between self- -perception and clinical need for orthodontic treatment, and to investigate the relationship between the need for orthodontic treatment and the impact on daily activities of eating, smiling, and speaking, in adolescents. Subjects and method: cross-sectional study with 1630 school children aged 15 through 19 years from 36 cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The instruments used to determine the need for orthodontic treatment were the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 21.0 software using Pearson's chi-square or linear trend chi-square tests and Poisson regression. The significance level was 5%. Results: there was a positive association between IOTN and DAI. The proportion of subjects who perceived the need for orthodontic treatment increased with the recommendation from the dentist. However, most of the adolescents interviewed did not perceive the need for orthodontic treatment. After adjustment, there was an association of malocclusion with the performance of the daily activity of smiling (PR = 2.03) and the gender of school children (PR = 1.28). An association was also observed for the gender of adolescents (PR = 1.23) and paternal level of education (PR = 1.21) with the daily activity of eating. The daily activity of speaking was associated with the paternal level of education (PR = 2.11). Conclusion: there is an association between self-perception of orthodontic treatment and the clinical need. Malocclusion affects the activity of smiling among adolescents, but the same does not occur with the activities of eating and speaking. (AU)

Necesidades de tratamiento ortodóncico en niños y su relación con el género, los ingresos familiares y los grupos étnicos / Orthodontic treatment needs in children and its relationship with gender, family income and ethnic groups

Introduction: malocclusions are considered public health problems, needing an uniform method of assessment that prioritizes the attendance of individuals with greater orthodontic treatment need, with this purpose, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need has been used in many countries. Objetive: to evaluate the orthodontic treatment need in school going children, attending in Recife, northeast Brazil and also establishes its relationship with gender, family income and ethnic groups. Methods: 433 children, aged 6-12 years formed the sample. The dental health component grades it was recorded to define the orthodontic treatment need. Results: the findings revealed that 59.5 % of children had at least one type of malocclusion; 40.5 % had no need for orthodontic treatment (grade 1 and 2); 5.5 % were borderlines, indicating moderate need (grade 3); 54 % had definite treatment (grade 4), but no children were classified in grade 5. No statistically significant differences were found between genders (p= 0.217), family income (p= 0.176) and ethnic groups (p= 0.281). Conclusion: the most of the children had moderate and great orthodontic needs treatment. There was no association between orthodontic treatment need and gender, family income or ethnic groups(AU)

Introducción: las maloclusiones se consideran un problema de salud pública, que requiere un método uniforme de evaluación que priorice la asistencia de las personas con mayores necesidades de tratamiento de ortodoncia, para este fin, el Índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico se ha utilizado en muchos países. Objetivo: evaluar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en niños en edad escolar que viven en Recife, noreste de Brasil, y establecer su relación con el género, el ingreso familiar y los grupos étnicos. Métodos: 433 niños de 6 a 12 años conformaron la muestra. Los datos obtenidos en el componente de salud dental fueron recodificadas para definir la necesidad del tratamiento ortodóncico. Resultados: los resultados revelaron que 59,5 % de los niños tienen al menos un tipo de maloclusión; 40,5 % no tenía necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia (grado 1 y 2); 5,5 % tenía una condición de frontera, lo que indica la necesidad moderada (grado 3); 54 % tenían un tratamiento definitivo (grado 4), y no hubo niños clasificados en el grado 5. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos (p= 0,217), ingreso familiar (p= 0,176) y los grupos étnicos (p= 0,281). Faculty of Dentistry: La mayoría de los niños tenían necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico moderada o grande. No hubo asociación entre la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia y el sexo, ingresos o grupos étnicos(AU)